Ko te XML he tuhinga māori e whakamahi ana i te hanganga tūtohu (tag-based structure). Ka taea e te Notepad te tuhi i tēnei me te kore e hiahia pūmanawa anō. Ko te mea nui ko te whai i ngā ture tūtohu kia noho whaimana te kōnae ina oti koe te tiaki.
Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi kōnae .XML ki te Notepad ā-ipurangi
Jul 3, 20262 min read
He aha te kōnae XML?
Ko te XML te tikanga o Extensible Markup Language. Ka penapenahia e ia ngā raraunga ki roto i ngā tūtohu ritenga (custom tags) e tautuhi ana koe, e kōwae ana (nested) hei whakaatu i te hononga o ngā raraunga. Ka whakamahia e ngā kōnae whirihora (config files), ngā whāngai raraunga, me ngā tautuhinga taupānga na te mea he ngāwari te hanganga ki te pānui me te wetewete e ētahi atu hōtaka.
Anei te āhua o tētahi kōnae XML taketake:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><person> <name>John</name> <age>28</age> <city>New York</city></person>Hipanga-ki-te-hipanga: Te hanga i tētahi kōnae XML i te Notepad
Hipanga 1: Whakatuwhera i te Notepad
Whakatuwheratia te Notepad i tō rorohiko, whakamahia rānei he Notepad ā-ipurangi koreutu mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te karo i te taupānga papamahi.
Hipanga 2: Tāpirihia te whakapuakanga XML
Tīmatahia te kōnae ki tēnei rārangi:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>Ka kōrero tēnei ki ngā hōtaka e pānui ana i te kōnae ko tēhea putanga XML me te whakawaehere pūāhua (character encoding) hei tūmanako.
Hipanga 3: Tāpirihia he huānga pūtake (root element)
E hiahiatia ana e ia kōnae XML kia kotahi te huānga pūtake hei takai i ngā mea katoa.
<catalog></catalog>Hipanga 4: Tāpirihia ngā huānga tamaiti
Whakanohoia ō raraunga ki roto i te huānga pūtake mā te whakamahi i ngā tūtohu e tapaina ana e koe anō.
<catalog> <book> <title>Sample Book</title> <author>Jane Doe</author> </book></catalog>Hipanga 5: Katia ia tūtohu
E hiahiatia ana e ia tūtohu whakatuwhera he tūtohu katinga e ōrite ana, i te raupapa i whakatuwheratia ai. Ka kati te <book> ki te </book>, ehara i te mea i mua i a ia.
Hipanga 6: Tiakina me te toronga .xml
Haere ki te Kōnae (File), kātahi ki te Tiaki Hei (Save As). Kōwhiria ngā Kōnae Katoa (All Files) i roto i te taka-iho "Save as type". Tapaina te kōnae me te toronga .xml, hei tauira catalog.xml. Ki te waiho te toronga hei .txt, e kore te kōnae e pānuitia hei XML e ētahi atu hōtaka.
Ngā ture XML hei maumahara
Kotahi te huānga pūtake. Ka noho ngā mea katoa ki roto. E kore e taea te rua ngā tūtohu taumata-runga.
He tairongo-take (case-sensitive) ngā tūtohu. Ko te <Name> me te <name> ka kīia he tūtohu rerekē.
Me kati ia tūtohu. Ka whakamahi ngā tūtohu kati-whaiaro i te rītaha (forward slash), pēnei i te <br/>.
Me whai kōtaha (quotes) ngā huānga. Tuhia te <book id="1">, kaua te <book id=1>.
Whakaoratia ngā pūāhua motuhake. Whakamahia te & mō te &, < mō te <, me te > mō te > i roto i te tuhinga.
Whakakapinga
Ko te kōnae XML he tuhinga kua whakaritea ki ngā tūtohu e tautuhi ana koe. Tīmata ki te whakapuakanga, tāpirihia he huānga pūtake kotahi, whakanohoia ō raraunga ki roto, katia ia tūtohu, ka tiaki me te toronga .xml. Kia kitea te hanganga i a koe e tuhi ana, ā, he ngāwari te hopu i ngā hapa i mua i te puta mai o tētahi raruraru.