I-XML ingumbhalo ocacile onohlaka olusekelwe kumathegi. I-Notepad iyayibhala ngaphandle kwesoftware eyengeziwe. Okubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yamathegi ukuze ifayela lihlale livumelekile uma selulondoloziwe.
Indlela Yokudala Ifayela le-.XML ku-Notepad Eku-inthanethi
Jul 3, 20262 min read
Liyini ifayela le-XML?
I-XML imele i-Extensible Markup Language. Igcina idatha ngaphakathi kumathegi enziwe ngokwezifiso owazichazela wona, afakwe ngaphakathi ukuze akhombise ukuthi idatha ihlobana kanjani. Amafayela okulungisa izilungiselelo (config files), ama-data feeds, nezilungiselelo zohlelo lokusebenza ziyayisebenzisa ngoba uhlaka lwayo lulula ukuluvula futhi lulula ukuba luhlaziywe ezinye izinhlelo.
Ifayela le-XML eliyisisekelo libukeka kanje:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><person> <name>John</name> <age>28</age> <city>New York</city></person>Igxathu negxathu: Dala ifayela le-XML ku-Notepad
Isinyathelo 1: Vula i-Notepad
Vula i-Notepad kukhompyutha yakho, noma usebenzise mahhala i-notepad eku-inthanethi uma uthanda ukweqa uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhompyutha.
Isinyathelo 2: Engeza isimemezelo se-XML
Qala ifayela ngale migqa:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>Lokhu kutshela noma yiluphi uhlelo olufunda ifayela ukuthi luyiphi inguqulo ye-XML nokuthi yikuphi ukufakwa kwamakhodi kwezinhlamvu okufanele kulindelwe.
Isinyathelo 3: Engeza into yezimpande (root element)
Wonke amafayela e-XML adinga into eyodwa yezimpande (root element) egoqa konke okunye.
<catalog></catalog>Isinyathelo 4: Engeza izinto ezingaphansi (child elements)
Faka idatha yakho ngaphakathi kwento yezimpande usebenzisa amathegi owazibize ngawo.
<catalog> <book> <title>Sample Book</title> <author>Jane Doe</author> </book></catalog>Isinyathelo 5: Vala Wonke Mathegi
Wonke ithegi elivulwayo lidinga ithegi elifana nalo elivalayo, ngokulandelana okufanayo avulwe ngakho. <book> ivalwa nge-</book>, hhayi ngaphambi kwalokho.
Isinyathelo 6: Gcina Ngokungeziwe isandiso sesi-xml (.xml)
Yiya ku-File, bese uya ku-Save As. Khetha u-All Files ohlwini oluzikuphi "Save as type". Qamba ifayela ngesandiso sesi-xml, isibonelo catalog.xml. Ukushiya isandiso njenge-.txt kusho ukuthi ifayela ngeke lifundwe njenge-XML ezinye izinhlelo.
Imithetho ye-XML Okumele Uyikhumbule
Into eyodwa yezimpande (Root element). Konke okunye kufakwa ngaphakathi kwayo. Awukwazi ukuba namathegi amabili aphezulu.
Amathegi azwela ohlotsheni lwezinhlamvu (Case-sensitive). <Name> kanye ne-<name> kuthathwa njengamathegi ahlukile.
Wonke ithegi lidinga ukuvalwa. Amathegi azivalayo asebenzisa unxantathu oya phambili, njenge-<br/>.
Izimfanelo (Attributes) zidinga izingcaphuno (quotes). Bhala u-<book id="1">, hhayi u-<book id=1>.
Balekela izinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Sebenzisa u-& ku-&, u-< ku-<, kanye no-> ku-> ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe kombhalo.
Isiphetho
Ifayela le-XML liyisiteji sombhalo ohlelelwe kumathegi owachazile. Qala ngisimemezelo, engeza into eyodwa yezimpande, faka idatha yakho ngaphakathi kwayo, vala wonke ithegi, bese uyalondoloza ngesandiso sesi-.xml. Gcina uhlaka lubonakala njengoba ubhala, futhi amaphutha amaningi kulula ukuwabamba ngaphakathi angakabangeli inkinga.