Yadda za a Ƙirƙiri Fayil ɗin .XML a cikin Notepad na Yanar Gizo

XML rubutu ne kawai mai tsari da alamomi (tags). Notepad na iya rubuta shi ba tare da buƙatar wani ƙarin software ba. Babban abin lura shi ne bin dokokin alamomin domin fayil ɗin ya kasance mai inganci bayan ka adana shi.

Menene fayil ɗin XML?

XML yana nufin Extensible Markup Language. Yana adana bayanai a cikin alamomi na musamman da kake ƙirƙira da kanka, waɗanda aka jera su don nuna alaƙar bayanan. Fayilolin saiti (config files), bayanan yanar gizo, da saitunan manhaja suna amfani da shi saboda tsarinsa yana da sauƙin karantawa kuma yana da sauƙi ga sauran shirye-shirye su fahimce shi.

Ga yadda ainihin fayil ɗin XML yake:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<person>

  <name>John</name>

  <age>28</age>

  <city>New York</city>

</person>

Mataki-mataki: Ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin XML a cikin Notepad

Mataki na 1: Bude Notepad

Bude Notepad a kan kwamfutarka, ko kuma ka yi amfani da Notepad na yanar gizo kyauta idan kana son guje wa amfani da manhajar kwamfuta.

Mataki na 2: Ƙara bayanin XML (XML declaration)

Fara fayil ɗin da wannan layin:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Wannan yana gaya wa kowane shiri da ke karanta fayil ɗin wane nau'in XML da kuma yadda aka tsara rubutun (encoding) ya kamata ya zata.

Mataki na 3: Ƙara babban tushen (root element)

Kowane fayil ɗin XML yana buƙatar ainihin tushe guda ɗaya wanda zai ƙunshi komai a ciki.

<catalog>

</catalog>

Mataki na 4: Ƙara ƙananan abubuwa (child elements)

Sanya bayanan ka a cikin babban tushen ta amfani da alamomin da ka ba wa suna da kanka.

<catalog>

  <book>

    <title>Sample Book</title>

    <author>Jane Doe</author>

  </book>

</catalog>

Mataki na 5: Rufe kowace alama (tag)

Kowane buɗaɗɗen alama yana buƙatar alamar rufewa, a cikin jerin da aka buɗe su. <book> yana rufewa da </book>, ba kafin shi ba.

Mataki na 6: Adana fayil ɗin tare da tsawo (extension) na .xml

Je zuwa File, sannan Save As. Zaɓi All Files a cikin akwatin "Save as type". Sa wa fayil ɗin suna tare da .xml a ƙarshe, misali catalog.xml. Barin tsawo a matsayin .txt yana nufin cewa sauran shirye-shirye ba za su karanta fayil ɗin a matsayin XML ba.

Dokokin XML da za a tuna

• Tushe ɗaya tak. Komai yana cikin wannan tushen. Ba za ka iya samun alamomi biyu na matakin farko ba.

• Alamomi suna da bambancin rubutu (case-sensitive). <Name> da <name> ana ɗaukar su a matsayin alamomi daban-daban.

• Kowace alama tana buƙatar rufewa. Alamomin da suke rufe kansu suna amfani da slash, kamar <br/>.

• Attributes suna buƙatar maganganu (quotes). Rubuta <book id="1">, kar ka rubuta <book id=1>.

• Escaping na haruffa na musamman. Yi amfani da &amp; don &, &lt; don <, da &gt; don > a cikin abubuwan rubutu.

Kammalawa

Fayil ɗin XML rubutu ne wanda aka tsara a cikin alamomin da ka ayyana. Fara da bayanin (declaration), ƙara tushe ɗaya, sanya bayanan ka a ciki, rufe kowace alama, kuma adana tare da tsawo na .xml. Sanya tsarin ya zama bayyane yayin da kake rubutawa, kuma yawancin kurakurai za su kasance cikin sauƙin gani kafin su haifar da matsala.