Ko e XML ko e tohi angamaheni ia ʻoku ʻi ai hono faʻunga fakatakiʻi. ʻOku hiki ia ʻe he Notepad taʻe ʻikai fiemaʻu ha polokalama kehe. Ko e meʻa mahuʻinga ko e muimui ki he ngaahi lao ʻo e fakatakiʻi koeʻuhi ke kei ala ngāueʻaki lelei pē ʻa e faile ʻi hoʻo tomuʻa fakahaofi iá.
Fēlau ke Ngaohi ha Faile .XML ʻi ha Notepad ʻInitaneti
Jul 3, 20262 min read
Ko e hā ha faile XML?
Ko e XML ʻoku tuʻu ia ki he Extensible Markup Language. ʻOku itakiʻi ai ʻa e fakamatala ʻi loto ʻi ha ngaahi fakaʻiloga fakafoʻituitui ʻoku ke fokotuʻu koe, ʻo fakafefiofi ke fakahaaʻi e founga ʻoku fepikitaki ai ʻa e fakamatalá. ʻOku ngāueʻaki ia ʻe he ngaahi faile fakatonutonu, fafanga fakamatala, mo e ngaahi fakatonutonu ʻo e app koeʻuhi ko e faʻunga ʻoku faingofua ke lau mo faingofua ke fakahu ʻe he ngaahi polokalama kehé.
ʻOku hā peheni ha faile XML tefito:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><person> <name>John</name> <age>28</age> <city>New York</city></person>Laka ki he laka: Ngaohi ha faile XML ʻi he Notepad
Laka 1: Fakaava ʻa e Notepad
Fakaava ʻa e Notepad ʻi ho komipiutá, pe ngāueʻaki ha notepad ʻinitaneti taʻetotongi kapau ʻoku ke fie liʻaki pē ʻa e polokalama komipiutá.
Laka 2: Tānaki ʻa e fakahā XML
Kamata ʻa e faile ʻaki ʻa e laine ko ʻení:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>ʻOku fakahā eni ki ha faʻahinga polokalama pē ʻoku ne lau ʻa e faile pe ko e taha fē ʻo e XML mo e faʻahinga fakahu tohi ʻoku tonu ke tatali ki ai.
Laka 3: Tānaki ha tuʻunga tefito (root element)
Ko e faile XML kotoa pē ʻoku fiemaʻu ke ʻi ai ha tuʻunga tefito pē taha ʻoku ne ʻufiʻufi ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē.
<catalog></catalog>Laka 4: Tānaki ha ngaahi tuʻunga fānau
Fakafefiofi hoʻo fakamatala ʻi loto ʻi he tuʻunga tefito ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻiloga ʻoku ke fakaingoa koe.
<catalog> <book> <title>Sample Book</title> <author>Jane Doe</author> </book></catalog>Laka 5: Tukuʻi/Tapuni ʻa e Fakaʻiloga kotoa pē
Ko e fakaʻiloga fakaava kotoa pē ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fetauaki mo ha fakaʻiloga tapuni, ʻi he hokohoko tatau pē naʻe fakaava ʻakí. Ko e <book> ʻoku tapuni ʻaki ia ʻa e </book>, kae ʻikai ʻi muʻa ai.
Laka 6: Fakahaofi ʻaki ha fakalahi .xml
Ngaue ki he File, pea toki Save As. Fili ʻa e All Files ʻi he lisi hifo "Save as type". Fakaingoa ʻa e faile ʻaki ha fakalahi .xml, fakatātā ki ai ko e catalog.xml. Kapau te ke tuku pē ʻa e fakalahi ko e .txt, ʻe ʻikai ke lau ʻa e faile ko e XML ʻe he ngaahi polokalama kehé.
Ngaahi Lao ʻo e XML ke Manatuʻi
Tuʻunga tefito ʻe taha. ʻOku fakafefiofi ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē ʻi loto ai. ʻE ʻikai lava ke ke maʻu ha fakaʻiloga tuʻu-ki-ʻolunga ʻe ua.
Ko e ngaahi fakaʻiloga ʻoku fakapalasi ʻa e mataʻitohi lalahi mo siʻisiʻi (case-sensitive). Ko e <Name> mo e <name> ʻoku lau ia ko ha ngaahi fakaʻiloga kehekehe.
ʻOku fiemaʻu ki he fakaʻiloga kotoa pē ha tapuni. Ko e ngaahi fakaʻiloga ʻoku puna pē ʻenau tapuni ʻoku ngāueʻaki ha fakaʻiloga vahevahe ki muʻa, hangē ko e <br/>.
ʻOku fiemaʻu ʻe he ngaahi ʻulungaanga (attributes) ha fakaʻiloga lea (quotes). Hiki <book id="1">, kae ʻikai ko e <book id=1>.
Fakahaofi ha ngaahi mataʻitohi makehe. Ngāueʻaki ʻa e & ki he &, < ki he <, mo e > ki he > ʻi loto ʻi he fakamatala tohi.
Fakaʻosiʻosi
Ko ha faile XML ko ha tohi ia kuo fokotuʻutuʻu ki ha ngaahi fakaʻiloga ʻoku ke fakaingoa koe. Kamata ʻaki ʻa e fakahā, tānaki ha tuʻunga tefito ʻe taha, fakafefiofi hoʻo fakamatala ʻi loto ai, tapuni ʻa e fakaʻiloga kotoa pē, pea fakahaofi ʻaki ha fakalahi .xml. Tauhi ke hā mahino ʻa e faʻunga ʻi hoʻo hiki, pea ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi hala ʻoku faingofua ke puke ki muʻa ke nau fakatupu ha palopalema.